Editor: Robert F. Klie Triclosan Resistance in Francisella Tularensis: a Site-directed Mutagenesis Study of the Fabi Enzyme

On the Cover (from left to right): 1. Illustration of Concentrated Solar Power plant layout consisting of a solar field, thermal electric storgae, and power block subcomponents. (see E. Flores, page 28); 2. A92V ftFabI with residue 92 as valine. (see N. Silas et al., page 4); 3. Photo of traditional electrical meters. (see A. Gilbert, page 22). A refereed journal for undergraduate research in the pure & applied sciences, mathematics and engineering. Introduction Dear Colleagues, Welcome to the eighth edition of the Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago, largely devoted to papers for the LAS 493 course on Energy Storage for the Grid and Transportation in Fall 2014. The class consisted of mostly graduate students, with a few advanced undergraduates as well, surveying the motivations, challenges and opportunities for storing energy for the electricity grid and electric cars. The course focused on next generation uses of electricity storage, going well beyond the personal electronics, such as cell phones, music players, camcorders, laptops and tablets that dominate battery use today. Currently, transportation and the grid account for 67% of all energy consumed in the United States, compared to only 2% for personal electronics. In energy terms, a fraction of the energy used in the grid and transportation represents an order of magnitude increase over the present market for personal electronics. The batteries needed for the grid and transportation are likely to be qualitatively different from the lithium-ion batteries now in widespread use. Although lithium-ion batteries increase in performance and decrease in cost by 5%-10% per year, they cannot yield the transformational advances in cost and performance needed for widespread deployment of electric cars and of electricity storage on the grid. The papers in this volume review and explore various topics and technologies that could emerge to meet these needs, and the game-changing impact these technologies may have on the way we think about transportation and electricity. Many of the papers were inspired by the lectures presented in the class, given by electricity storage experts drawn from the University of Illinois at Chicago, the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), the battery research programs at Argonne National Laboratory, Illinois Institute of Technology and other universities and companies, including General Motors. The lectures covered beyond-lithium-ion battery technology, electrochemical capacitors, solar and wind generation, electric cars of the future, long-distance electricity transmission, distributed energy in microgrids, and …